-한국은 GDP가 낮을 때도 교육에 많이 투자했다. 그 결과, 국민 소득과 학업성취도 점수가 동반 성장했다.
-한국 교육은 일제강점기 이후 문맹을 퇴치하고 국가를 재건하는 데 중요한 수단이었다.
-스승에 대한 존경은 한국 문화 안에 오래 전부터 내재되어 있어서, 교육자는 다른 직업보다 높게 그 가치를 평가를 받는다. 그래서 많은 사람들이 교사가 되려고 하고, 그 경쟁 속에서 수준 높은 교사들이 배출된다.
-한국 학생들은 성취 욕구가 강하다. 그래서 그들은 시험 중심의 성적 평가에 매우 강하게 집착한다.
-한국 학생들이 쏟아 붓는 학습량은 엄청나며, 방과 후 사설 학원 공부를 더 하는 것이 당연시되고 있다.
Education in South Korea vs. Canada: A Different Perspective
Since education is such an important aspect of South Korean society, I am always thinking about what makes this education system so unique. Being educated in Canada has also affected the way I look at Korean education and it’s been interesting to explore the differences and similarities between the two education systems.
I recently stumbled upon an international education report published by Pearson with research conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit (//goo.gl/7LjzM). The report outlines the educational performance of 40 countries, as well as the economic and social factors that affect that performance. Countries are ranked according to their scores from cognitive skills and educational attainment (literacy and graduation rates). At the top of the rankings is Finland in 1st place and South Korea in 2nd place. Canada, on the other hand, was ranked 10th.
Curious about these rankings, I decided to dig deeper into the report to find the key differences between the Canadian and South Korea education systems.
When looking at the numbers, there are several differences worth noting:
In short, South Korea invests more public money into education, has a higher graduation rate and lower unemployment, fostering a bigger GDP growth. The report offers some explanations for some of these differences:
· - South Korea invested heavily in education when it’s GDP was lower, resulting in increases to national incomes and test scores.
· - Education was a way for South Koreans to rebuild the country and increase literacy after Japanese colonial rule.
· - Respect for teachers is inherent in South Korean culture and thus teaching as a profession has a higher value. As a respected profession, more people are attracted to teaching and through competition, more qualified teachers are hired.
· - Students in South Korea are ambitious and there is a strong sense of accountability through exam-based testing.
· - The amount of time Korean students devote to studying is very high, with private afterschool education at hagwons being the norm for most students.
Interestingly, one major similarity between the two countries is in academic performance. The Grade 4 TIMSS (overall math and science) test score for South Korea is 560 whereas Canada’s TIMSS test score is 521. The Grade 8 PISA (overall reading, maths and science) test scores are also similar, with South Korea at 540 and Canada at 526. So while South Korea has a higher score in both categories, Canada is not far behind in terms of education output (South Korea is ranked 4th in cognitive skills and Canada is ranked 6th).
What the report leaves out, however, is the amount of money spent on private education in South Korea. An average of up to 20% of household income is spent on hagwons and tutors. This can be a huge financial burden on families and an emotional strain for students, who sometimes don’t finish studying until after 10pm. In Canada, education is provided almost entirely by public schools, with very few families spending money on tutors or cram schools. Also, the happiness of students in either country is not taken into account, although the report briefly explains that “The high expectations and pressure mean that studies regularly find South Korean teenagers to be the least happy in the OECD.”
Through my experience as a public school teacher and university professor in South Korea, I have seen some of the negative aspects of the education system firsthand: students falling asleep in class from studying too much the night before, lack of motivation, and an overemphasis on test-based learning. I’ve also seen the exact same problems in Canada, although from different causes. However, the positive aspects of education in both countries far outweigh the negative aspects. Students continue to be engaging and hardworking in my classes, and eventually find success in the workplace. Not a day that goes by where I am not surprised by a student and their amazing capacity for learning.
The truth is that no education system is perfect. While it would be ideal to apply the positive aspects of the Canadian education system to the Korean education system (and vice versa), it’s near impossible to do so because of cultural differences. The bottom line is not that one country has a better education system than the other, but instead that both systems strive toward the common goal of empowering youth with an ever-improving high quality of education.